Fruit, vegetable, grass, coffee, and plant trimmings are nitrogen-rich green materials. Carbon-rich brown materials include straw, dry leaves, shredded paper, and cardboard.
Smaller components degrade faster. Cut or shred twigs or vegetable leftovers to speed decomposition.
To promote airflow and breakdown, alternate green and brown layers in your compost pile or container.
Maintain compost moisture like a sponge. In heavy rain, cover or moisten the pile to avoid waterlogging.
Turn or aerate compost every 1-2 weeks with a pitchfork or shovel to add oxygen, hasten decomposition, and prevent smells.
Use straw or twigs to keep the compost pile airy and prevent compacting.
Aim for a compost pile that's at least 3 feet high and wide to retain heat and encourage microbial activity for efficient decomposition.
Meat, dairy, greasy meals, pet waste, and damaged plants may attract pests and diseases to your compost pile.